Top five unique significantly differentially associated proteins between k-means clusters
| Protein | Protein ID | Beta coefficient (SE) | FDR | |
| ULE versus RRS | ATP synthase peripheral stalk subunit OSCP | P48047 | 0.33 (0.07) | 6.3*10−3 |
| Glucokinase regulatory protein | Q14397 | 0.14 (0.04) | 4.2*10−2 | |
| Serine/threonine protein kinase MRCK beta | Q9Y5S2 | 0.09 (0.02) | 4.2*10−2 | |
| Serine/threonine protein kinase PAK 6 | Q9NQU5 | 0.37 (0.10) | 4.6*10−2 | |
| Membrane frizzled-related protein | Q9BY79 | 0.14 (0.04) | 5.5*10−2 | |
| AD versus RRS | Fatty acid-binding protein, heart | P05413 | 0.20 (0.03) | 1.3*10−6 |
| Leptin | P41159 | 0.34 (0.06) | 4.8*10−6 | |
| Renin | P00797 | 0.25 (0.05) | 1.6*10−4 | |
| Retinoic acid receptor responder protein 2 | Q99969 | 0.08 (0.02) | 2.6*10−4 | |
| Apolipoprotein M | O95445 | −0.15 (0.03) | 3.9*10−4 | |
| SE versus RRS | Bactericidal permeability-increasing protein | P17213 | 0.40 (0.06) | 1.8*10−11 |
| Complement component C9 | P02748 | 0.15 (0.02) | 1.9*10−11 | |
| Troponin T, cardiac muscle | P45379 | 0.20 (0.03) | 2.1*10−10 | |
| Protein S100-A12 | P80511 | 0.19 (0.03) | 3.4*10−10 | |
| Oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 | P78380 | 0.23 (0.04) | 1.1*10−9 |
SOMAscan plasma proteins significantly associated to Visit 1 k-means cluster membership from multivariable linear regression modelling (FDR 10%). We used linear regression and adjusted for age, sex, race and current smoking status. The top five significantly differentially associated proteins unique to each of the three comparisons (ULE vs RRS, AD vs RRS and SE vs RRS) are reported in this table. The cluster following the ‘versus’ is the reference group. The units of all proteins are relative fluorescence units.
AD, airway-predominant disease; RRS, relatively resistant smokers; SE, severe emphysema; ULE, upper lobe-predominant emphysema.