Top 10 significantly differentially expressed genes and enriched GO terms between k-means clusters
| Top 10 significant genes | Top 10 significant GO terms | |
| ULE versus RRS | ↑ GPR15 ↑ AHRR ↑ GPR55 | NS |
| AD versus RRS | ↑ GPR15 ↓ SNRK ↑ PTPN13 ↓ ALG1L13P ↑ CD36 ↓ MYLIP ↓ EXTL3 ↓ IL18R1 ↓ ADPRHL2 ↑ PTPRA | Innate immune response Mitotic chromosome movement towards spindle pole Negative regulation of NIK/nuclear factor-kappaB signalling Cellular defence response Cell proliferation Regulation of mitochondrial depolarisation Negative regulation of defence response to virus Mitotic cytokinesis Fc-epsilon receptor signalling pathway Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signalling pathway |
| SE versus RRS | ↑ GPR15 ↑ MS4A2 ↑ TTLL7 ↑ GCSAML ↑ AKAP12 ↑ LINC02458 ↓ COG2 ↑ HDC ↓ DLEU1 ↑ ENSG00000261055 (LncRNA) | Positive regulation of synapse assembly Cell adhesion |
For the gene expression analysis, covariates used were age, sex, race, current smoking status, white cell count proportions and library batch effects. A false discovery rate of 10% was used for multiple testing corrections. For the GO analysis, we only reported the pathways with at least three significant genes. Enriched GO terms between clusters were identified using the weighted Fisher’s test p-values <0.005. The cluster following the ‘versus’ is the reference group. ↑ = positive log fold change; ↓ = negative log fold change.
AD, airway-predominant disease; GO, gene ontology; NIK, NF-KappaB-inducing kinase; NS, non-significant; RRS, relatively resistant smokers; SE, severe emphysema; ULE, upper lobe-predominant emphysema.