Input parameters: probabilities and procedure properties
| Parameter | Mean | Sample size | Reference |
| Risk of malignancy | 73.7% | 148/202 | Verhoeven et al13 |
| Procedure characteristics | |||
| CBCT-NB | |||
| Diagnostic yield | 95.3% | 61/64 | Verhoeven et al13 |
| Sensitivity | 92.7% | 38/41 | Verhoeven et al13 |
| Specificity | 100% | 20/20 | Verhoeven et al13 |
| TTNB | |||
| Diagnostic yield | 89.3% | 782/876 | Callister et al5 |
| Sensitivity | 90.8% | 942/1038 | Callister et al5 |
| Specificity | 94% | 392/417 | Callister et al5 |
| CBCT-NB | |||
| Pneumothorax | 1.6% | 4/238 | Verhoeven et al12 |
| Pneumothorax requiring intervention | 1.6% | 4/238 | Verhoeven et al12 |
| Haemorrhage | 2.3% | 5/238 | Verhoeven et al12 |
| TTNB | |||
| Pneumothorax | 19.7% | 1631/8275 | Heerink et al8 |
| Pneumothorax requiring intervention | 5.6% | 463/8275 | Heerink et al8 |
| Haemorrhage | 2.8% | 1490/8275 | Dibardino et al7 |
| Direct diagnosis, distribution | |||
| Stage Ia | 47.6% | 4569/9594 | Ismail et al16 |
| Stage Ib | 23.8% | 2284/9594 | Ismail et al16 |
| Stage II | 28.6% | 2744/9594 | Ismail et al16 |
| Delayed diagnosis, distribution | |||
| Stage Ia | 42.4% | – | Ten Haaf et al/Ismail et al15 16 |
| Stage Ib | 18.6% | – | Ten Haaf et al/Ismail et al15 16 |
| Stage II | 20.5% | – | Ten Haaf et al/Ismail et al15 16 |
| Stage IIIa | 14.0% | – | Ten Haaf et al/Ismail et al15 16 |
| Stage IIIb | 3.6% | – | Ten Haaf et al/Ismail et al15 16 |
| Stage IV | 0.9% | – | Ten Haaf et al/Ismail et al15 16 |
| Treatment distribution | |||
| Stage I–II | |||
| Surgery | 46% | 4554/9900 | Ismail et al16 |
| Radiotherapy | 43.5% | 4307/9900 | Ismail et al16 |
| Chemoradiotherapy | 2% | 198/9900 | Ismail et al16 |
| Chemotherapy | 7.3% | 718/9900 | Ismail et al16 |
| Chemoimmunotherapy | 0.8% | 74/9900 | Ismail et al16 |
| Immunotherapy | 0.5% | 50/9900 | Ismail et al16 |
| Stage III | |||
| Surgery | 9.3% | 604/6524 | Ismail et al16 |
| Radiotherapy | 12% | 783/6524 | Ismail et al16 |
| Chemoradiotherapy | 39.5% | 2577/6524 | Ismail et al16 |
| Chemotherapy | 12.8% | 816/6524 | Ismail et al16 |
| Chemoimmunotherapy | 18.3% | 1191/6524 | Ismail et al16 |
| Immunotherapy | 7.3% | 473/6524 | Ismail et al16 |
| Targeted therapy | 1% | 65/6524 | Ismail et al16 |
| Stage IV | |||
| Surgery | 0.8% | 114/15 156 | Ismail et al16 |
| Radiotherapy | 10.3% | 1553/15 156 | Ismail et al16 |
| Chemotherapy | 14.5% | 2198/15 156 | Ismail et al16 |
| Chemoimmunotherapy | 38% | 5759/15 156 | Ismail et al16 |
| Immunotherapy | 18.5% | 2804/15 156 | Ismail et al16 |
| Chemoradiotherapy | 4% | 606/15 156 | Ismail et al16 |
| Targeted therapy | 14% | 2122/15 156 | Ismail et al16 |
| Treatment distribution in patients without pathology confirmation* | |||
| VATS | 51.4% | 4553/8861 | Ismail et al16 |
| SABR | 48.6% | 4308/8861 | Ismail et al16 |
| Treatment-related mortality | |||
| VATS | 3.6% | 2787/77 623 | Stokes et al17 |
| SABR | 2.9% | 241/8216 | Stokes et al17 |
| 2-year overall survival† | |||
| Stage Ia | 93.6% | 732/11 423 | Goldstraw et al2 |
| Stage Ib | 89.% | 666/6095 | Goldstraw et al2 |
| Stage II | 77.4% | 1549/6864 | Goldstraw et al2 |
| Stage IIIa | 65% | 2015/5756 | Goldstraw et al2 |
| Stage IIIb | 46.4% | 965/1798 | Goldstraw et al2 |
| Stage IV | 17.1% | 731/882 | Goldstraw et al2 |
| 5-year overall survival† | |||
| Stage Ia | 83.7% | 1837/11 423 | Goldstraw et al2 |
| Stage Ib | 73% | 1618/6095 | Goldstraw et al2 |
| Stage II | 58.2% | 2872/6864 | Goldstraw et al2 |
| Stage IIIa | 41% | 3219/5756 | Goldstraw et al2 |
| Stage IIIb | 23.6% | 1270/1798 | Goldstraw et al2 |
| Stage IV | 5.5% | 834/882 | Goldstraw et al2 |
*Patients without pulmonary nodule confirmation can be in the direct treatment strategy or had a non-diagnostic biopsy.
†Survival based on TNM eighth edition.2
CBCT-NB, cone beam CT-guided navigation bronchoscopy; SABR, stereotactic ablative radiotherapy; TTNB, transthoracic needle biopsy; VATS, video-assisted thoracoscopy.