Table 5

Univariable and multivariable analysis to identify the factors causing discordance in FVC and FEV₁ interpretation defined as abnormal (<LLN) in Canadian reference equations and normal (≥LLN) in GLI-Race*

Variables		Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
Variables		OR	(95% CI)	P	OR	(95% CI)	P
A) FVC
Sex	Female	Ref			Ref
Sex	Male	3.32	(1.85 to 6.18)	<0.001	2.89	(1.24 to 6.92)	0.015
Age		0.997	(0.98 to 1.02)	0.78	0.99	(0.97 to 1.01)	0.46
Height		1.03	(0.998 to 1.06)	0.066	1.02	(0.97 to 1.07)	0.44
Weight		1.002	(0.99 to 1.01)	0.77	0.999	(0.98 to 1.02)	0.89
Race/ethnicity				<0.001			<0.001
	Caucasian	Ref			Ref
	Black	15.36	(5.49 to 43.94)	<0.001	19.19	(6.48 to 59.10)	<0.001
	NEA	1.62	(0.24 to 6.38)	0.55	1.51	(0.22 to 6.53)	0.62
	SEA	4.27	(2.06 to 9.05)	<0.001	4.93	(2.04 to 12.42)	0.001
	Mixed/Other	4.52	(1.82 to 10.94)	0.001	4.06	(1.53 to 10.63)	0.004
B) FEV₁
Sex	Female	Ref			Ref
Sex	Male	0.83	(0.44 to 1.51)	0.54	0.40	(0.16 to 0.95)	0.042
Age		0.996	(0.98 to 1.02)	0.73	1.003	(0.98 to 1.03)	0.80
Height		1.005	(0.97 to 1.04)	0.73	1.05	(0.998 to 1.11)	0.061
Weight		1.001	(0.99 to 1.01)	0.88	1.002	(0.99 to 1.02)	0.77
Race/ethnicity				<0.001			<0.001
	Caucasian	Ref			Ref
	Black	15.36	(5.49 to 43.94)	<0.001	15.96	(5.62 to 46.52)	<0.001
	NEA	0.77	(0.041 to 4.14)	0.80	1.22	(0.064 to 7.14)	0.86
	SEA	3.23	(1.51 to 7.02)	0.003	5.85	(2.31 to 15.40)	<0.001
	Mixed/Other	3.41	(1.28 to 8.58)	0.010	5.04	(1.77 to 13.93)	0.002

*We analysed the data by classifying Asian participants as NE Asian (model 1) if they could not be classified clearly as either NE Asian or SE Asian.
FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; NEA, North East Asian; SEA, South East Asian.