Table 6

Univariable and multivariable analysis to identify the factors causing discordance in FVC and FEV₁ interpretation defined as abnormal (<LLN) in Canadian reference equations and normal (≥ LLN) in GLI-Other*

Variables		Univariable analysis			Multivariable analysis
Variables		OR	(95% CI)	P	OR	(95% CI)	P
A) FVC
Sex	Female	Ref			Ref
Sex	Male	4.03	(2.21 to 7.67)	<0.001	3.04	(1.35 to 7.01)	0.008
Age		0.99	(0.97 to 1.01)	0.42	0.99	(0.97 to 1.01)	0.35
Height		1.05	(1.02 to 1.08)	0.001	1.01	(0.97 to 1.06)	0.55
Weight		1.01	(1.002 to 1.02)	0.020	1.01	(0.996 to 1.03)	0.14
Race/ethnicity				0.13			0.15
	Caucasian	Ref			Ref
	Black	2.85	(0.87 to 8.11)	0.062	3.15	(0.92 to 9.49)	0.050
	NEA	1.42	(0.32 to 4.61)	0.59	1.56	(0.33 to 5.62)	0.53
	SEA	1.53	(0.74 to 3.08)	0.24	2.06	(0.86 to 4.92)	0.10
	Mixed/Other	2.51	(1.07 to 5.60)	0.028	2.38	(0.93 to 5.84)	0.063
B) FEV₁
Sex	Female	Ref			Ref
Sex	Male	0.90	(0.51 to 1.57)	0.72	0.77	(0.35 to 1.65)	0.50
Age		0.98	(0.96 to 0.99)	0.011	0.97	(0.95 to 0.995)	0.017
Height		1.01	(0.98 to 1.04)	0.47	0.999	(0.96 to 1.05)	0.98
Weight		1.01	(0.999 to 1.02)	0.063	1.01	(1.001 to 1.03)	0.028
Race/ethnicity				0.36			0.25
	Caucasian	Ref			Ref
	Black	2.30	(0.71 to 6.45)	0.13	2.22	(0.67 to 6.33)	0.16
	NEA	2.16	(0.67 to 5.99)	0.16	3.04	(0.89 to 9.25)	0.059
	SEA	1.03	(0.49 to 2.08)	0.93	1.69	(0.72 to 3.87)	0.22
	Mixed/Other	1.53	(0.61 to 3.49)	0.33	1.67	(0.63 to 4.11)	0.28

*We analysed the data by classifying Asian participants as NE Asian (model 1) if they could not be classified clearly as either NE Asian or SE Asian.
FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; NEA, North East Asian; SEA, South East Asian.