Participant demographics and spirometry*
| All | Caucasian | Black | NE Asian | SE Asian | Other/Mixed | P | |
| Number of participants | 406 | 229 | 20 | 21 | 92 | 44 | |
| Male | 174 (42.9) | 85 (37.1) | 7 (35.0) | 11 (52.4) | 46 (50.0) | 25 (56.8) | 0.044 |
| Age, years | 48.68 (35.55, 59.87) | 47.35 (35.96, 57.11) | 48.06 (35.29, 57.96) | 45.94 (39.80, 57.26) | 55.89 (46.05, 68.12) | 37.89 (29.19, 56.84) | <0.001 |
| Height, cm | 168.23±9.74 | 170.51±9.72 | 170.68±6.22 | 165.43±9.46 | 162.58±8.74 | 168.36±8.37 | <0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 79.11±23.27 | 84.66±24.81 | 89.03±22.76 | 69.42±15.71 | 65.82±15.55 | 77.83±18.40 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.77±7.15 | 29.02±7.85 | 30.78±8.71 | 25.21±4.50 | 24.75±4.66 | 27.34±5.48 | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | 0.11 | ||||||
| Current smoker | 16 (4.0) | 6 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | 8 (8.8) | 1 (2.3) | |
| Ex-smoker | 107 (26.7) | 69 (30.5) | 4 (20.0) | 3 (14.3) | 24 (26.4) | 7 (16.3) | |
| Never smoker | 278 (69.3) | 151 (66.8) | 16 (80.0) | 17 (81.0) | 59 (64.8) | 35 (81.4) | |
| Lung function | |||||||
| FVC, L | 3.63±1.06 | 3.92±1.02 | 3.31±1.04 | 3.36±1.08 | 3.14±0.95 | 3.46±1.01 | <0.001 |
| FEV1, L | 2.88±0.87 | 3.11±0.83 | 2.68±0.83 | 2.71±0.80 | 2.42±0.82 | 2.81±0.82 | <0.001 |
| FEV1/FVC, % | 79.23±7.62 | 79.48±6.37 | 81.27±6.82 | 81.51±4.73 | 76.56±10.45 | 81.49±6.69 | 0.001 |
| FVC % predicted as per | |||||||
| Canadian equation | 87.69±16.48 | 92.26±15.76 | 76.92±15.06 | 83.06±17.75 | 84.13±14.77 | 78.45±15.61 | <0.001 |
| GLI-Race | 94.26±16.69 | 94.15±15.66 | 92.34±18.26 | 87.98±18.34 | 99.12±17.27 | 88.56±16.78 | 0.003 |
| GLI-Other | 97.61±17.79 | 102.30±17.03 | 85.47±16.78 | 92.43±19.36 | 94.08±16.17 | 88.56±16.78 | <0.001 |
| FEV1 % predicted as per | |||||||
| Canadian equation | 85.44±16.17 | 89.93±15.48 | 76.39±14.27 | 83.00±15.81 | 80.27±15.95 | 78.13±13.60 | <0.001 |
| GLI-Race | 91.86±16.78 | 92.99±16.17 | 92.04±16.88 | 88.02±16.79 | 92.05±18.70 | 87.26±15.23 | 0.242 |
| GLI-Other | 94.86±18.05 | 99.82±17.36 | 84.84±15.53 | 92.12±17.73 | 88.95±17.82 | 87.26±15.23 | <0.001 |
Data are presented as n (%), mean±SD, or median (IQR).
Information on weight, BMI, and smoking status was missing in 2, 2 and 5, respectively.
*We analysed the data by classifying Asian participants as NE Asian (model 1) if they could not be classified clearly as either NE Asian or SE Asian.
BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FVC, forced vital capacity; GLI, Global Lung Function Initiative; NE, North East; SE, South East.