Demographics of the intervention and usual care cohorts
Characteristic | Intervention cohort (n=172) | Usual care cohort (n=108) | P value |
| Age | 58.4 (50.6–66.2) | 63.8 (49.7–71.4) | 0.02 |
| Sex (n, %) | 0.11 | ||
| Male | 98 (57.0) | 61 (56.5) | |
| Female | 74 (43.0) | 44 (40.7) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 3 | |
| SIMD quintile* (n, %) | 0.03 | ||
| 1 | 73 (42.4) | 31 (28.7) | |
| 2 | 37 (21.5) | 25 (23.1) | |
| 3 | 27 (15.7) | 12 (11.1) | |
| 4 | 20 (11.5) | 17 (15.7) | |
| 5 | 15 (8.6) | 20 (18.5) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 3 | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index† | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.28 |
| Pre-existing mental health diagnosis (n, %) | 55 (32.0) | 26 (24.1) | 0.20 |
| Pre-existing chronic pain diagnosis (n, %) | 39 (22.7) | 23 (21.3) | 0.90 |
| ICU length of stay (days) | 10 (6–17) | 5 (3–10) | <0.01 |
| Hospital length of stay (days) | 30 (16–50) | 19 (12–36) | <0.01 |
| Apache II score‡ | 20 (15–25) | 19 (14–24.3) | 0.30 |
| Surgery at admission or within first week of ICU (n,%) | 55 (32.0) | 47 (43.5) | <0.01 |
| Advanced respiratory support (days) | 6 (3–13) | 4 (2–9) | 0.01 |
| Cardiovascular support (days) | 3 (1–5) | 2 (1–4) | 0.01 |
| Renal replacement therapy (days) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.3 |
Median (IQR) unless otherwise stated.
*SIMD is the Scottish government’s standard approach to identifying deprivation. It evaluates deprivation across seven domains: income, employment, education, health, access to services, crime and housing. 1 represents the most deprived and 5 represents the least deprived.
†Charlson Comorbidity Index, unadjusted for age.
‡Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score.
ICU, Intensive Care Unit; SIMD, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation.