Table 1

Characteristics and demographics of interview participants in alphabetical order‡

CountrySpecialtyPractice settingYears of experience
AmericaEmergency physicianTertiary>15
ArgentinaPaediatricianTertiary5–10
AustraliaPaediatric emergency physician*Tertiary>10
AustraliaGeneral paediatrician*Tertiary5–10
AustraliaIntensive care physicianTertiary>10
AustraliaEmergency physicianTertiary0–5
CanadaPaediatric emergency physicianTertiary>10
ChinaPaediatrician†Tertiary>10
Costa RicaPaediatricianTertiary5–10
Costa RicaPaediatric respiratory physicianTertiary5–10
IndiaPaediatric emergency physicianTertiary5–10
IndiaPaediatric emergency physicianTertiary5–10
New ZealandPaediatric emergency physicianTertiary>10
New ZealandGeneral paediatricianTertiary>10
ParaguayPaediatric emergency physicianTertiary0–5
QatarPaediatric emergency physicianTertiary5–10
RomaniaPaediatric emergency physicianSecondary5–10
SingaporePaediatric emergency physicianTertiary>10
South KoreaPaediatric allergist†Tertiary>10
SpainPaediatric emergency physicianSecondary5–10
SwitzerlandPaediatric emergency physicianTertiary>10
South AfricaPaediatric emergency physicianTertiary5–10
TanzaniaPaediatrician†Tertiary0–5
United KingdomEmergency physicianSecondary>10
United KingdomPaediatric intensivistTertiary5–10
UruguayPaediatric intensivistTertiary5–10

  • All other interviews these were conducted via ZOOM conference software.

  • *These interviews occurred in person at researcher’s primary place of work.

  • †These occurred via written correspondence.

  • ‡Tertiary and secondary refers to the capacity of the hospital to either be a specialist paediatric hospital, with access to a wide range of medical and surgical specialties and most commonly a paediatric intensive care unit or secondary where a paediatric patient would be seen in ED but if unwell or requiring complex care would need to be referred. For this study, the interviewees denoted themselves as working at a tertiary or secondary hospital.

  • ED, emergency department.