Group | Baseline | 8 weeks | Pre–post difference | Pre–post significance | Between-groups significance at 8 weeks |
6MWT (m) | |||||
Rehab | 451.5±109.2 | 513.3±102.7 | 61.77±39.11 | p<0.001* | p=0.501 |
UC | 408.3±85.7 | 466.2±83.4 | 57.95±67.09 | p<0.001* | |
SPPB | |||||
Rehab | 9.85±1.95 | 11.46±0.88 | 1.62±1.26 | p=0.001* | p=0.002* |
UC | 9.15±1.57 | 9.95±1.51 | 0.80±1.11 | p=0.004* | |
HADS-A | |||||
Rehab | 7.08±4.03 | 5.0±3.87 | −2.08±1.71 | p=0.001* | p=0.013* |
UC | 6.06±3.56 | 7.06±4.65 | 1.00±3.65 | p=0.261 | |
HADS-D | |||||
Rehab | 5.31±1.97 | 4.23±3.22 | −1.08±2.29 | p=0.105 | p=0.627 |
UC | 6.39±5.37 | 5.44±4.49 | −0.94±4.14 | p=0.319 | |
IES-R (PTSD) | |||||
Rehab | 1.25±0.79 | 0.97±0.71 | −0.29±0.42 | p=0.028* | p=0.135 |
UC | 1.14±0.87 | 1.22±1.02 | 0.08±0.74 | p=0.660 | |
BDI | |||||
Rehab | 9 (15) | 3 (10) | −8 (7) | p=0.001* | p=0.017* |
UC | 12 (14) | 11 (17) | 0 (5) | p=0.938 | |
MoCA | |||||
Rehab | 25 (5) | 29 (2) | 3 (4) | p=0.008* | p<0.001* |
UC | 25 (6) | 25 (6) | 1 (2) | p=0.046* | |
EQ-5D-5L (UI) | |||||
Rehab | 0.59±0.18 | 0.85±0.11 | 0.26±0.19 | p<0.001* | p=0.001* |
UC | 0.62±0.25 | 0.66±0.23 | 0.04±0.17 | p=0.372 | |
EQ-5D-5L (VAS) | |||||
Rehab | 68.46±16.63 | 81.1±10.4 | 12.6±12.1 | p=0.003* | p=0.043* |
UC | 69.44±15.99 | 75.0±11.7 | 5.5±12.8 | p=0.084 |
Data are presented as mean±SD for parametric or as median (IQR) for non-parametric data. Baseline evaluation was within 6–8 weeks post-hospital discharge. Pre–post significance within groups was evaluated by paired t-tests for parametric data or Wilcoxon signed rank tests for non-parametric data. Outcome comparisons at 8 weeks between groups were performed with univariate analysis of covariance using baseline values as covariates.
*Denotes statistical significance between groups (p<0.05).
BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; EQ-5D-5L UI, EuroQol Utility Index; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale, Revised; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; 6MWT, 6-min walking test; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; Rehab, rehabilitation group; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; UC, usual care group; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.