Carbon footprint associated with misdiagnosis of COPD in Canada
| A | Prevalence of clinically-diagnosed COPD | 2 000 000 people |
| B | Number of people in ‘A’ who do not have objective evidence of disease | 880 000 people |
| C | Number of people in ‘C’ who are using COPD medications | 589 600 people |
| Rescue inhalers | ||
| SABA | ||
| MDI | ||
| D | Number of people in ‘C’ who are using a SABA MDI | 526 513 people |
| E | Carbon footprint associated with SABA MDI use in people in ‘D’ | 7 201 MT CO2e |
| SAMA | ||
| MDI | ||
| F | Number of people in ‘C’ who are using a SAMA MDI | 29 480 people |
| G | Carbon footprint associated with SAMA MDI use in people in ‘F’ | 403 MT CO2e |
| Controller inhalers | ||
| ICS/LABA | ||
| MDI | ||
| H | Number of people in ‘C’ who are using an ICS/LABA MDI | 110 845 people |
| I | Carbon footprint associated with ICS/LABA MDI in people in ‘H’ | 4 717 MT CO2e |
| Total | ||
| J | Carbon footprint of MDIs in misdiagnosed patients | 12 320 MT CO2e |
| K | Carbon footprint of DPIs in misdiagnosed patients – online supplemental appendix A, table S2 | 889 MT CO2e |
| L | Total inhaler carbon footprint due to misdiagnosed patients | 13 209 MT CO2e |
Detailed calculations and additional data on DPIs are presented in online supplemental material 1, appendix A, table S2.
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DPI, dry powder inhaler; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting beta2-agonist; MDI, metred-dose inhaler; MT CO2e, metric tons of CO2 equivalent; SABA, short-acting beta2-agonist; SAMA, short-acting muscarinic antagonist.