Table 3

Association between urinary phytoestrogens and lung function in a subgroup population

FemaleMaleNon-smokersSmokers
FVCFEV1FEV1/FVCFVCFEV1FEV1/FVCFVCFEV1FEV1/FVCFVCFEV1FEV1/FVC
β coefficients (95% CI)β coefficients (95% CI)β coefficients (95% CI)β coefficients (95% CI)
Genistein−0.02 (−0.049, 0.009)−0.013 (−0.037, 0.01)0.001 (−0.002, 0.005)−0.028 (−0.069, 0.012)−0.015 (−0.047, 0.017)0.001 (−0.003, 0.005)−0.028 (−0.062, 0.006)−0.019 (−0.045, 0.008)0.001 (−0.002, 0.004)−0.024
(−0.061, 0.013)
−0.019
(−0.048, 0.011)
0
(−0.005, 0.004)
Daidzein0.007 (−0.022, 0.036)0.004 (−0.02, 0.027)0 (−0.003, 0.003)−0.033 (−0.074, 0.007)−0.010 (−0.042, 0.022)0.003 (−0.002, 0.007)−0.014 (−0.048, 0.02)−0.01 (−0.037, 0.016)0 (−0.003, 0.003)−0.017
(−0.053, 0.02)
−0.003
(−0.033, 0.027)
0.002
(−0.002, 0.006)
Equol0.05 (0.019, 0.08)0.038 (0.014, 0.063)−0.001 (−0.004, 0.003)0.074 (0.031, 0.116)0.052 (0.019, 0.086)−0.001 (−0.006, 0.003)0.063 (0.028, 0.099)0.047 (0.019, 0.075)0 (−0.004, 0.003)0.049
(0.011, 0.087)
0.035
(0.004, 0.065)
−0.001
(−0.006, 0.003)
O-desmethylangolensin0.04 (0.011, 0.068)0.027 (0.004, 0.05)−0.001 (−0.005, 0.002)−0.011 (−0.051, 0.030)0.007 (−0.025, 0.039)0.003 (−0.001, 0.007)0.005 (−0.029, 0.038)0.004 (−0.022, 0.03)−0.001 (−0.004, 0.003)0.016
(−0.02, 0.051)
0.021
(−0.008, 0.05)
0.002
(−0.002, 0.007)
Enterodiol0.009 (−0.02, 0.039)0.002 (−0.022, 0.026)−0.003 (−0.007, 0)0.045 (0.004, 0.087)0.025 (−0.007, 0.058)−0.001 (−0.005, 0.003)0.007 (−0.027, 0.042)−0.002 (−0.029, 0.025)−0.002 (−0.006, 0.001)0.034
(−0.003, 0.071)
0.013
(−0.017, 0.044)
−0.003
(−0.007, 0.002)
Enterolactone0.055 (0.026, 0.084)0.048 (0.024, 0.071)0.001 (−0.002, 0.005)0.020 (−0.021, 0.062)0.032 (−0.001, 0.064)0.004 (0, 0.009)0.011 (−0.024, 0.045)0.011 −0.016, 0.038)0 (−0.003, 0.004)0.061
(0.024, 0.098)
0.061
(0.031, 0.091)
0.005
(0.001, 0.01)
  • Adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, race/ethnicity, educational level, poverty-to-income ratio, serum cotinine, daily energy intake and urinary creatinine.