Patients n=294 | Asthma (n=154) | ACO (n=64) | COPD (n=76) | All (n=294) | F ANOVA | Sig. p value |
Age (years) | 40.9±20.0 | 58.5±17.6 | 69.2±10.9 | 52.1±21.4 | 71.2 | <0.001 |
Male/female | 44/110 | 34/30 | 37/39 | 115/179 | ||
Anthropometric data | ||||||
Height (cm) | 165.8±10.2 | 169.5±9.4 | 165.8±8.7 | 166.6±9.7 | 3.6 | n.s. |
Weight (kg) | 69.2±16.1 | 74.3±14.6 | 71.7±1.2 | 71.0±16.6 | 2.3 | n.s. |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9±5.0 | 25.8±4.2 | 26.1±5.7 | 25.4±5.1 | 1.4 | n.s. |
Static lung volumes | ||||||
TLC (z-scores) | 0.9±1.1 | 0.9±0.7 | 1.5±1.0 | 1.1±1.1 | 7.5 | <0.001 |
FRCpleth (z-scores) | 0.6±0.9 | 1.2±1.0 | 2.9±1.3 | 1.3±1.4 | 125.9 | <0.001 |
RV (z-scores) | 1.5±1.3 | 2.0±2.5 | 4.4±2.2 | 2.3±2.0 | 83.2 | <0.001 |
Spirometry | ||||||
FEV1 (z-scores) | −0.5±1.0 | −1.0±1.2 | −2.8±1.2 | −1.2±1.5 | 116.6 | <0.001 |
FEV1/FVC (z-scores) | −0.1±1.0 | −1.0±2.0 | −4.0±2.0 | −1.3±2.2 | 160.9 | <0.001 |
FEF25–75 (z-scores) | −0.4±1.0 | −0.9±1.1 | −1.5±0.9 | −0.8±1.1 | 32.3 | <0.001 |
Airway dynamics | ||||||
sWOB (z-scores) | 2.6±4.7 | 7.8±4.0 | 16.2±3.8 | 7.2±7.1 | 254.8 | <0.001 |
sWOBin (z-scores) | 2.2±6.0 | 6.5±5.3 | 23.9±9.1 | 8.7±11.4 | 264.7 | <0.001 |
sWOBex (z-scores) | 5.8±8.2 | 16.6±7.1 | 38.6±8.7 | 16.6±16.0 | 416.8 | <0.001 |
sReff (z-scores) | 2.1±3.1 | 6.0±3.3 | 14.4±5.1 | 6.1±6.3 | 274.6 | <0.001 |
sReff IN (z-scores) | 4.3±17 5 | 34.8±25.7 | 97.2±31.5 | 37.5±50.8 | 360.6 | <0.001 |
sReff EX (z-scores) | 1.1±2.8 | 4.2±4.4 | 16.0±6.4 | 5.6±7.6 | 301.1 | <0.001 |
sRtot (z-scores) | 3.1±2.7 | 6.5±3.6 | 19.4±4.8 | 8.1±7.7 | 540.9 | <0.001 |
ACO, asthma–COPD overlap; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, Body Mass Index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEF25–75, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FRCpleth, plethysmographic functional residual capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; RV, reserve volume; sReff, effective specific airway resistance; sReff EX, expiratory, effective specific airways resistance; sReff IN, inspiratory, effective specific airways resistance; sRtot, specific total airway resistance; sWOB, specific aerodynamic work of breathing; sWOBex, resistive aerodynamic work of breathing integrated from the expiratory part of sRaw-loop; sWOBin, resistive aerodynamic work of breathing integrated from the inspiratory part of the Raw-loop; TLC, total lung capacity.