Table 2

The age distribution of the anthropometric measures and lung function data of the patients within three diagnostic classes, expressed as z-scores

Patients n=294Asthma (n=154)ACO (n=64)COPD (n=76)All (n=294)F ANOVASig. p value
Age (years)40.9±20.058.5±17.669.2±10.952.1±21.471.2<0.001
Male/female44/11034/3037/39115/179
Anthropometric data
Height (cm)165.8±10.2169.5±9.4165.8±8.7166.6±9.73.6n.s.
Weight (kg)69.2±16.174.3±14.671.7±1.271.0±16.62.3n.s.
BMI (kg/m2)24.9±5.025.8±4.226.1±5.725.4±5.11.4n.s.
Static lung volumes
TLC (z-scores)0.9±1.10.9±0.71.5±1.01.1±1.17.5<0.001
FRCpleth (z-scores)0.6±0.91.2±1.02.9±1.31.3±1.4125.9<0.001
RV (z-scores)1.5±1.32.0±2.54.4±2.22.3±2.083.2<0.001
Spirometry
FEV1 (z-scores)−0.5±1.0−1.0±1.2−2.8±1.2−1.2±1.5116.6<0.001
FEV1/FVC (z-scores)−0.1±1.0−1.0±2.0−4.0±2.0−1.3±2.2160.9<0.001
FEF25–75 (z-scores)−0.4±1.0−0.9±1.1−1.5±0.9−0.8±1.132.3<0.001
Airway dynamics
sWOB (z-scores)2.6±4.77.8±4.016.2±3.87.2±7.1254.8<0.001
sWOBin (z-scores)2.2±6.06.5±5.323.9±9.18.7±11.4264.7<0.001
sWOBex (z-scores)5.8±8.216.6±7.138.6±8.716.6±16.0416.8<0.001
sReff (z-scores)2.1±3.16.0±3.314.4±5.16.1±6.3274.6<0.001
sReff IN (z-scores)4.3±17 534.8±25.797.2±31.537.5±50.8360.6<0.001
sReff EX (z-scores)1.1±2.84.2±4.416.0±6.45.6±7.6301.1<0.001
sRtot (z-scores)3.1±2.76.5±3.619.4±4.88.1±7.7540.9<0.001
  • ACO, asthma–COPD overlap; ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, Body Mass Index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FEF25–75, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FRCpleth, plethysmographic functional residual capacity; FVC, forced vital capacity; RV, reserve volume; sReff, effective specific airway resistance; sReff EX, expiratory, effective specific airways resistance; sReff IN, inspiratory, effective specific airways resistance; sRtot, specific total airway resistance; sWOB, specific aerodynamic work of breathing; sWOBex, resistive aerodynamic work of breathing integrated from the expiratory part of sRaw-loop; sWOBin, resistive aerodynamic work of breathing integrated from the inspiratory part of the Raw-loop; TLC, total lung capacity.