Exercise measurements (at peak inspiratory capacity)
| Ever smoker (N=88) | GOLD 1 (N=63) | GOLD 2 (N=56) | |
| Power output (W) | 133 (5.2) | 128 (5.46) | 101† (4.5) |
| V’O2 (L·min−1) | 1.93 (0.07) | 1.83 (0.07) | 1.51† (0.07) |
| V’O2 (mL·kg−1·min−1) | 24.7 (1.3) | 24.1 (1.1) | 20.3† (1.7) |
| Hr (beats·min−1) | 143* (2.3) | 134 (2.7) | 135 (2.7) |
| Hr (% predicted) | 85* (1.2) | 81 (1.5) | 80 (1.5) |
| SV (mL) | 95 (2.7) | 98 (2.5) | 89‡ (2.3) |
| Qc (L· min−1) | 12.9 (0.37) | 12.7 (0.37) | 11.5* (0.36) |
| a-vO2 (mLO2·L−1blood) | 153 (5.0) | 152 (5.6) | 140† (4.9) |
| O2 pulse (mL·beats−1) | 14.01 (2.19) | 14.27 (1.99) | 11.82* (1.86) |
| SBP (mmHg) | 189 (2.6) | 187 (3.1) | 182 (3.37) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 85.3 (0.8) | 83.4 (1.6) | 87.2 (1.6) |
| MAP (mmHg) | 119 (1.5) | 116 (1.8) | 117 (1.9) |
| VE (L ·min−1) | 68.0 (2.8) | 67.8 (3.0) | 52.6† (2.3) |
| VE (% predicted) | 66.8 (2.0) | 72.0 (2.3) | 79.0† (2.6) |
| VT (L) | 2.03 (0.07) | 2.16 (0.08) | 1.66† 0.07) |
| Fbr (breaths·min−1) | 34 (0.8) | 33 (1.0) | 33 (1.0) |
| IC (L) | 3.30 (0.10) | 3.40 (0.10) | 2.68† (0.11) |
Values are mean (SEM); statistical significance between the other two groups.
*p≤0.05.
†p≤0.001.
‡p≤0.10.
a-vO2, systemic arterio-venous oxygen difference; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Fbr, breathing frequency; GOLD, Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; Hr, heart rate; IC, inspiratory capacity; MAP, mean arterial pressure estimated as (DBP+1/3SBP-DBP); O2 pulse, oxygen pulse (mL beats−1); Qc, cardiac output; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SV, stroke volume; VE, ventilation; V’O2, rate of oxygen consumption; VT, tidal volume.