Limited ΔP* (n=27) | LTVV† (n=23) | No protection (n=42) | |
ICU baseline | |||
Age, years‡ | 70.0 (61.0–76.5) | 70.0 (65.5–80.0) | 66.5 (57.0–72.0) |
SOFA at ICU admission‡ | 5.0 (3.0–7.0) | 5.0 (3.5–10.0) | 5.0 (2.0–9.0) |
Female sex | 9 (33.3%) | 14 (60.1%) | 13 (31.0%) |
Non-white | 15 (55.6%) | 14 (60.9%) | 26 (61.9%) |
Body mass index | 29.6 (25.1–33.8) | 23.3 (21.2–27.9) | 29.0 (24.9–34.7) |
Use of HFNC at ICU admission | 9 (33.3%) | 3 (13.0%) | 15 (35.7%) |
Initiation of mechanical ventilation | |||
Days from ICU admission to MV initiation‡ | 3.0 (1.5–8.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | 2.5 (0.0–11.5) |
PaO2/FiO2 at intubation | 77.0 (64.0–100.6) | 96.0 (72.5–128.5) | 78.9 (55.7–124.0) |
Tidal volume/ideal body weight at intubation | 6.4 (5.9–7.0) | 6.8 (6.6–8.0) | 6.5 (6.1–7.9) |
*Low Pplat (≤30 cm H2O) + low ΔP (≤15 cm H2O) on ≥75% of MV days.
†LTVV: low Pplat (≤30 cm H2O) on ≥75% of MV days.
‡Used in the inverse probability weighted (IPW) marginal structural model.
HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; ICU, intensive care unit; LTVV, low tidal volume ventilation; MV, mechanical ventilation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment .