Original article—liver, pancreas, and biliary tractIndependent Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Disease in the US Population
Section snippets
Study Population
For this study, we used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) conducted between 1988 and 1994. The survey data were collected by the US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention via household interviews, physical examination, and laboratory tests, and contains information describing the health and nutritional status of the US population as of the time of the data collection. In addition, the data collections
Results
Of the initial study population (20,050 adult participants from NHANES III), 2492 individuals (18.77% ± 0.76%) fulfilled our clinical and radiologic definition of NAFLD, 426 (15.86% ± 1.15%) of them had NAFLD with increased liver enzyme levels, and 9121 were used as non-NAFLD controls.
The results of the comparison of the NAFLD cohort with the non-NAFLD controls are summarized in Table 1. As expected, individuals with NAFLD were older, more likely to be male or Hispanic, and less likely to be
Discussion
Increasing data suggest an association between NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases that could not be attributable solely to the risk factors common for both of these chronic diseases. A number of cross-sectional studies have confirmed this association and suggested that individuals with diagnosed NAFLD should be assessed for the risk of CVD.4 Other studies have proven that the risk of cardiovascular diseases increases even more when hepatic damage progresses, and described possible molecular
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Conflicts of interest The authors disclose no conflicts.
Funding This study was partly supported by the Liver Outcomes Research Fund and Beatty Liver and Obesity Research Fund, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA.