Chest
Original ResearchSigns and Symptoms of Chest DiseasesReliability and Validity of the Multidimensional Dyspnea Profile
Section snippets
Instrument Development and Content Validity
The MDP was developed from existing instruments for pain and dyspnea and subsequently refined through laboratory work.14 It comprises 12 items (Fig 1): an immediate sensory intensity item, an immediate unpleasantness item, five items addressing sensory qualities (eg, tightness, muscle work), and five emotional response items (eg, frustration, anxiety). Sensory qualities of dyspnea were reduced from a list of 19 descriptors8 to five descriptor groups based on previous factor analysis in patients
Sample
A total of 151 adults with cardiac or respiratory disease who came to the ED with breathing complaints completed the MDP at T1, with 146 completing the tool at T2 and 131 at T3. Sixty-eight of these subjects completed the MDP again 4 to 6 weeks after the ED visit (T4, T5). The majority of individuals took between 2 and 5 min to complete the MDP, regardless of setting. The sample at T1 was 56% men with a mean ± SD age of 53 ± 15 years. Most participants had asthma, COPD, pneumonia, or congestive
Discussion
The results show that the MDP is internally consistent, has a stable factor structure, and has subject ratings that are reliable over time. In the ED, the test-retest interval was short to assess stability in an acute, rapidly changing clinical setting. Test-retest reliability was assessed during the follow-up interval as well, with the results again supporting stability. We presented evidence of the construct and structural validity of the MDP using factor analysis at three different time
Acknowledgments
Author contributions: Dr Meek had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Dr Meek: contributed to the final development of the MDP, study concept and design, analysis and interpretation of data, psychometric and statistical analysis, drafting the manuscript, and critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.
Dr Banzett: contributed to the original and final development of the
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Funding/Support: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [Grant NR010006].