The 742,500 inhabitants of Dolj District face a high risk of TB since over 10 years. In 1992 the TB incidence was 93.7@100,000 and 155.7@100,000 in 2000 (66% increase). A number of 1156 TB patients were registered in year 2000, 84% new cases and 16% relapses. 82% of the patients had lung lesions, 11.9% had pleurisy and 6.1% had various extra-thoracic lesions. Bacteriologic confirmation was 67.7%. The periodic prevalence of smear positive patients, with a high level of 139@100,000 in 1999, determined a high risk for disease among children, also, the TB incidence in this category being 46.8@100,000. The evaluation of treatment results in a cohort of smear positive patients registered in 1999 showed a success rate of only 75.5%. The decrease of the TB endemy level in Dolj district depends on improvement of life status in the district, complete use of DOTS and a good financement of all parts of the National TB Control Program in 2001-2005.